（1）Use of "y" and "w": (function: sound insulation)
1) Vowels in "i" line of Vowel Form should begin with "y" in zero initial consonant of a syllable.
A．If there are other vowels after "i", change "i" into "y".
ia ya ie ye iao yao iou you ian yan
iang yang iong yong
B．If there are no other vowels after "i", add "y" in front of "i".
i yi in yin ing ying
2) Vowels in "u" line of Vowel Form should begin with "w" in zero initial consonant of a syllable.
A．If there are other vowels after "u", change "u" into "w".
ua wa uo wo uai wai uei
wei uan wan uen wen uang wang
B．If there are no other vowels after "u", add "w" "u" "wu".
3) Vowels in "ü" line of Vowel Form should also begin with "y" in zero initial consonant.
（2）Usage of sound insulation symbol
When syllables beginning with "a, o, e" are linked after other syllables, sound insulation symbol "’" should be used if the dividing line of syllables are confused.
（3）Ellipsis
1) iou iu uei ui uen un
2) Two points above "ü" usually can be omitted when "ü" is combined with initial consonants except for "n" and "l".
（4）Marking tones
1) Tone symbol must be marked on major vowels.
2) "i" and "u" should be marked afterwards side by side.
3) The point above "i" should be omitted if tone symbol is marked on "i" by chance.
4) Light tone syllables do not need to be marked.
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